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中华消化病与影像杂志(电子版) ›› 2023, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (04) : 203 -210. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-2015.2023.04.003

论著

恶性胆道梗阻行胆道支架置入术后危重并发症及其危险因素研究
曹玲, 张业坡, 袁珊珊, 胡红杰, 余日胜()   
  1. 310005 杭州,浙江大学医学院附属第二医院放射科
    312300 浙江省,绍兴市上虞区中医医院放射科
    312365 浙江省,绍兴市上虞人民医院放射科
    310018 杭州,浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院放射科
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-30 出版日期:2023-08-01
  • 通信作者: 余日胜

Analysis of critical complications and their risk factors after biliary stent implantation for malignant biliary obstruction

Ling Cao, Yepo Zhang, Shanshan Yuan, Hongjie Hu, Risheng Yu()   

  1. Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical College, Hangzhou 310005, China
    Department of Radiology, Shangyu District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shaoxing City, Shaoxing 312300, China
    Department of Radiology, Shangyu People′s Hospital of Shaoxing City, Shaoxing 312365, China
    Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310018, China
  • Received:2022-11-30 Published:2023-08-01
  • Corresponding author: Risheng Yu
引用本文:

曹玲, 张业坡, 袁珊珊, 胡红杰, 余日胜. 恶性胆道梗阻行胆道支架置入术后危重并发症及其危险因素研究[J/OL]. 中华消化病与影像杂志(电子版), 2023, 13(04): 203-210.

Ling Cao, Yepo Zhang, Shanshan Yuan, Hongjie Hu, Risheng Yu. Analysis of critical complications and their risk factors after biliary stent implantation for malignant biliary obstruction[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Digestion and Medical Imageology(Electronic Edition), 2023, 13(04): 203-210.

目的

探讨恶性胆道梗阻患者行胆道支架置入术后出现危重并发症的情况,分析其危险因素。

方法

回顾性分析2015年1月至2019年8月浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院行经皮经肝胆道支架置入术的恶性胆道梗阻患者77例,2016年8月至2021年9月浙江大学医学院附属第二医院行内镜胆道支架置入术的恶性胆道梗阻患者69例。依据术后1个月之内是否出现危重并发症分成危重并发症组和非危重并发症组。将患者因素和手术因素纳入分析(连续变量采用t检验,分类变量采用χ2检验,二元Logistic多因素分析得出独立危险因素)。

结果

146例(危重并发症组18例,非危重并发症组128例)患者入组,单因素分析显示:置入支架类型(P=0.013)、置入125I粒子数量(P=0.007)、手术操作时间(P=0.000)、术中并发胆道出血(P=0.000)、术后并发胆道出血(P=0.000)、术后支架通畅时间(P=0.000)、并存胆道结石(P=0.003)、术前黄疸时间(P=0.000)、术前胆道梗阻长度(P=0.000)与胆道支架置入术后危重并发症相关。单纯125I粒子支架组手术操作时间(P=0.011)、术前胆道梗阻长度(P=0.002)与术后危重并发症呈正相关。二元Logistic多因素分析得出术前黄疸时间(OR=1.059,P=0.033)、术前胆道梗阻长度(OR=3.595,P=0.007)是术后出现危重并发症的独立危险因素。

结论

经皮经肝胆道支架置入术和内镜胆道支架置入术的术后危重并发症发生率无差异;术前黄疸时间、胆道梗阻长度是胆道支架置入术后危重并发症的独立危险因素。胆道125I粒子支架较裸支架术后危重并发症发生率增高,置入125I粒子数量与危重并发症发生率无差异。

Objective

To investigate the critical complications in patients with malignant biliary obstruction after biliary stent implantation and analyze the risk factors.

Methods

A total of 77 patients with malignant biliary obstruction undergoing percutaneous transhepatic biliary stent implantation at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2015 to August 2019 and 69 patients with malignant biliary obstruction undergoing endoscopic biliary stent implantation in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from August 2016 to September 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.They were divided into critical complications groups and non-critical complications groups according to whether critical complications occurred within 1 month after surgery.Patient factors and surgical factors were included in the analysis(t test for continuous variables, χ2 test for categorical variables and independent risk factors from binary Logistic multivariate analysis).

Results

A total of 146 patients(18 patients in the critical complication group, 128 patients in the non-critical complication group)were enrolled.Univariate analysis showed that implanted stent type(P=0.013), number of implanted 125I particles(P=0.007), operation time(P=0.000), intraoperative biliary hemorrhage(P=0.000), postoperative biliary hemorrhage(P=0.000), postoperative stent patency time(P=0.000), coexisting biliary stones(P=0.003), preoperative jaundice time(P=0.000), and preoperative biliary obstruction length(P=0.000)were related to critical complications after biliary stent implantation.Operation time of 125I seed simple stent group(P=0.011)and the length of preoperative biliary obstruction(P=0.002)were positively correlated with postoperative critical complications.The binary Logistic multivariate analysis concluded that preoperative jaundice time(OR=1.059, P=0.033)and preoperative biliary obstruction length(OR=3.595, P=0.007)were independent risk factors for postoperative critical complications.

Conclusion

There is no significant difference in the incidence of critical complications between percutaneous transhepatic biliary stent implantation and endoscopic biliary stent implantation.Preoperative jaundice time and length of biliary obstruction are independent risk factors for critical complications after biliary stenting.The incidence of critical complications after biliary 125I seed stent is higher than that after bare stenting, and there was no significant correlation between the number of implanted 125I particles and the incidence of critical complications.

图1 两大中心胆道支架术后患者的入组流程图
图2 经皮经肝胆道支架置入术内镜胆道支架置入术注:2A胆总管中下段重度狭窄,放置支架前先行球囊扩张;2B低位胆道梗阻,成功放置普通金属支架;2C高位胆道梗阻,成功放置粒子支架,可见肝内肝管、胆总管及十二指肠显影
图3 内镜胆道支架置入术注:3A内镜下造影提示胆总管下段重度狭窄;3B球囊扩张胆总管上段狭窄段;3C成功置入胆道金属支架
表1 两组患者胆道支架置入术前基线资料对比
表2 胆道支架术后危重并发症相关危险因素单因素分析
组别 例数 肿瘤类型[例(%)]
胆管癌 胃癌 胰腺癌 胆囊癌 肝癌 结直肠癌 肺癌 乳腺癌 其他转移
危重并发症组 18 6(33.3) 3(16.7) 5(27.8) 2(11.1) 2(11.1) 0 0 0 0
非危重并发症组 128 46(35.9) 12(9.4) 37(28.9) 10(7.8) 5(3.9) 7(5.5) 2(1.6) 2(1.6) 7(5.5)
统计值   0.047b 0.291b 0.010b 0.000b 0.563b 0.183b 0.000b 0.000b 0.183b
P   0.829 0.59 0.921 0.985 0.453 0.669 1 1 0.669
组别 例数 梗阻位置(例) 是否并存胆道结石(例) 术后支架通畅时间(例) 手术时间(min) 术中是否并发胆道出血(例)
高位 低位 ≥1个月 <1个月
危重并发症组 18 5 13 5 13 7 11 84.16±35.16 7 11
非危重并发症组 128 22 106 8 120 114 14 45.84±20.42 7 121
统计值   1.174b 9.017b 27.994b -4.518a 20.331b
P   0.279 0.003 0 0 0
组别 例数 术后是否并发胆道出血(例) 支架置入方式(例) 支架类型(例) 术前黄疸时间(d) 术前是否胆肠吻合史(例)
经皮 内镜 粒子支架 裸支架
危重并发症组 18 7 11 9 9 7 11 33.75~71.25 2 16
非危重并发症组 128 6 122 68 60 19 109 7.00~15.00 4 124
统计值   22.758b 0.062b 6.234b -6.290c 0.929b
P   0 0.804 0.013 0 0.335
组别 例数 支架是否跨乳头(例) 术前胆道梗阻长度(cm) 置入粒子数量(颗) 术后支架是否移位(例) 是否金属支架(例)
危重并发症组 18 10 8 5.94±1.39 0.00~16.25 0 18 12 6
非危重并发症组 128 46 82 2.51±1.17 0 5 123 93 35
统计值   2.569b -11.336a -2.675c 0.026b 0.280b
P   0.109 0 0.007 0.872 0.596
组别 例数 是否置入鼻胆管(例) 是否覆膜支架(例) 有无术前预防性抗生(例) 术前是否行PTCD(例)
危重并发症组 18 12 6 2 16 2 16 5 13
非危重并发症组 128 93 35 17 111 33 95 43 85
统计值   0.280b 0.000b 1.145b 0.242b
P   0.596 1 0.285 0.623
表3 粒子支架组内术后危重并发症相关分析
表4 二元Logistic多因素回归分析
图4 独立危险因素ROC曲线图
表5 独立危险因素ROC曲线效能及最佳界值
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