To explore the relationship between self-efficacy, sleep quality and mental state in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and analyze the related factors affecting mental state in patients with IBD.

A total of 103 IBD patients diagnosed and treated in the First People's Hospital of Huai'an, Nanjing Medical University from June 2021 to June 2024 were retrospectively selected as the study objects. The mental state of the patients was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the patients were divided into the poor mental state group (n=35, ≥11 points) and the good mental state group (n=68, <11 points) according to the HADS score. The general information, self-efficacy and sleep quality scores of different groups were compared. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to analyze the relationship between self-efficacy, sleep quality and mental state in IBD patients, and multi-factor Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of mental state in IBD patients.

Univariate results showed that there were statistically significant differences in disease duration, family per capita monthly income, disease severity, recurrence frequency and IBD quality of life questionnaire (IBDQ) scores between the poor mental state group and the good mental state group (all P<0.05). The score of IBD self-efficacy scale (IBD-SES) in the poor mental state group was significantly lower than that in the good mental state group, and the score of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scale (PSQI) was significantly higher than that in the good mental state group (both P<0.001). Spearman correlation analysis showed that IBD-SES score (r=-0.653) was significantly negatively correlated with poor mental state, and PSQI score (r=0.581) was significantly positively correlated with poor mental state (both P<0.001). Multivariate Logistic regression showed that the severity of the disease (moderate and severe active period), the number of recurrence ≥2, low IBD-SES score and high PSQI score were all independent risk factors for poor mental state in IBD patients (all P<0.05).

The self-efficacy and sleep quality of IBD patients are closely related to their mental state, and the severity of the disease, the number of relapses, self-efficacy and sleep quality are important independent factors affecting their mental state.