Vessels encapsulating tumor clusters (VETC) represent a unique tumor vascular pattern in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and are closely associated with high recurrence rates and poor survival outcomes. In recent years, significant progress has been made in research on VETC in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC; however, there remains a lack of unified clinical application standards internationally. In 2026, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, in collaboration with multidisciplinary experts in imaging, hepatobiliary surgery, interventional medicine, oncology, and pathology from multiple domestic hospitals, formulated the Chinese expert consensus on clinical application of vessels encapsulating tumor clusters in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (2026 edition) based on evidence-based medicine. This consensus provides systematic specifications for the pathological diagnosis, specimen sampling, imaging evaluation, and treatment decision-making of VETC. This article systematically interprets the core contents of the consensus in light of relevant research progress both domestically and internationally.

To investigate the role and molecular mechanism of the transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) in acinar cell injury in acute pancreatitis (AP), and whether it mediates pyroptosis through the TXNIP/mtROS/NLRP3 axis.

AR42J cells were stimulated with cerulein (100 nmol/L, 3 h) to establish an AP model. The cells were divided into control, model, si-NC, si-KLF4, and si-KLF4+MitoPQ groups. Cell viability, injury markers, pyroptosis-related proteins, mitochondrial function, mtROS, TXNIP-NLRP3 colocalization were detected.

KLF4 was upregulated in AP. Knockdown of KLF4 improved cell viability and reduced injury, inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation, pyroptosis, downregulated TXNIP, improved mitochondrial function, decreased mtROS, and attenuated TXNIP-NLRP3 colocalization. Exogenous mtROS partially reversed these protective effects.

KLF4 activates the NLRP3 inflammasome by regulating the TXNIP/mtROS axis, thereby mediating pyroptosis of acinar cells in AP.

To analyze the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and gene polymorphisms of CYP2C19 and leukocyte differentiation antigen 14 (CD14) in patients with early gastric cancer and analyze its influence on short-term recurrence after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).

A total of 201 patients with early gastric cancer who underwent ESD in the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University were selected retrospectively between July 2018 and July 2023, and were divided into Hp infection group (n=93) and non-Hp infection group (n=108) according to Hp infection status. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to detect the gene polymorphisms of CYP2C19 and CD14. The relationship between Hp infection and short-term recurrence of patients with early gastric cancer after ESD was analyzed, and multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors affecting the short-term recurrence after ESD.

The composition ratio of PM in Hp infection group was significantly higher than that in non-Hp infection group (P<0.05). The frequencies of TT genotype and T allele were significantly higher in Hp infection group than those in non-Hp infection group (P<0.05). The short-term recurrence rate after ESD in Hp infection group was significantly higher compared with that in non-Hp infection group (P<0.05). In patients with early gastric cancer, Hp infection (HR=2.783, 95% CI: 1.214-6.430) and gene polymorphisms of CD14 (HR=2.894, 95% CI: 1.101-7.614) were risk factors affecting the short-term recurrence after ESD (P<0.05).

The gene polymorphisms of CYP2C19 and CD14 in patients with early gastric cancer are related to Hp infection. The PM of CYP2C19 gene and TT genotype and T allele of CD14 gene may increase the risk of Hp infection, and Hp infection, gene polymorphisms of CD14 are risk factors that affect the short-term recurrence of patients with early gastric cancer after ESD.

To explore the association between Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and cardiovascular health scores based on the "Life's Simple Seven" (LS7), and to analyze the mediating effect of systemic inflammation and the moderating effect of gender.

This study was designed as a retrospective study, enrolling 206 subjects each from the Hp-infected group and non-Hp-infected group who visited Beijing Hospital from December 2023 to December 2025, and demographic data, LS7 component scores, blood biochemical indicators and inflammatory markers were collected. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to assess the independent association between Hp infection and total LS7 score. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was utilized to investigate the mediating role of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and gender differences were analyzed via a moderated mediation model.

The total LS7 score was significantly lower in the Hp-infected group than that in the non-Hp-infected group (8.2±2.1 vs. 10.5±2.0, P<0.001), and the Hp infection rate increased progressively as LS7 health grades deteriorated (28.1% in the ideal group, 50.5% in the moderate group, and 75.0% in the poor group). Mediation analysis demonstrated that hs-CRP partially mediated the adverse effect of Hp infection on LS7 scores, contributing to approximately 38% of the total effect (standardized β=-0.38, P<0.001). Moderation effect analysis showed that the detrimental effect of Hp infection on cardiovascular health was significantly more pronounced in males (β=-0.955) than that in females (β=-0.875).

Hp infection is significantly associated with suboptimal cardiovascular health, and systemic inflammation acts as a crucial mediating pathway. This association is characterized by gender differences, with more marked adverse effects in males. This implies that evaluating inflammatory status and implementing comprehensive interventions for Hp-infected individuals may be of potential value in cardiovascular health management.

To explore the efficacy of Baiji Yulian decoction combined with triple therapy in the treatment of helicobacter pylori (Hp)-infected gastric ulcer with syndrome of spleen and stomach damp-heat.

This study was a prospective randomized controlled trial. Ninety-six Hp-positive gastric ulcer patients admitted to Dongguan People's Hospital from February of 2023 to June of 2024 were selected and divided into observation group (48 cases) and control group (48 cases) by random number table method. The control group received triple therapy, and the observation group was given with Baiji Yulian decoction on the basis of control group. Both groups were treated continuously for 4 weeks. The curative effect of syndrome, gastroscopic effect, single symptom scores of spleen and stomach damp-heat, Hp clearance rate, stool occult blood conversion rate after 3 days of treatment, inflammatory factors, pepsinogenⅠ (PGⅠ), trefoil factor 2 (TFF2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and occurrence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.

After 4 weeks of treatment, the total curative effect of syndrome of observation group (91.67%) was significantly higher than that of control group (72.92%) (P<0.05). The gastroscopic effect of syndrome of observation group (89.58%) was significantly higher than that of control group (70.83%) (P<0.05). The spleen and stomach damp-heat syndrome score was significantly decreased in two groups, and the decrease was more significant in the observation group (P<0.05). The Hp clearance rate of observation group was 95.83%, which was significantly higher than that of control group (79.17%) (P<0.05). After 3 days of treatment, stool test results turned negative in 26 cases (54.17%) of the observation group and 17 cases (35.42%) of the control group, and the number of negative conversion cases was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and PGⅠ in two groups were significantly decreased, and the decrease was more significant in observation group (P<0.05). The levels of serum TFF2 and VEGF significantly increased, and the increase was more pronounced in the observation group (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions was 20.00% in the observation group and 6.67% in the control group, and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).

Baiji Yulian decoction combined with triple therapy is highly effective in treating Hp-infected gastric ulcer with syndrome of spleen and stomach damp-heat. It can improve the symptoms of spleen and stomach damp-heat syndrome, increase Hp clearance rate, promote the conversion of occult blood in the stool to negative, inhibit inflammatory response, regulate gastrointestinal hormone level, with safe and reliable drug use.

To explore the value of the combined application of color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and shear wave elastography (SWE) in the diagnosis and fibrosis staging of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

This study was a retrospective cohort study. A total of 80 cases of patients with NAFLD admitted to Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University from August 2022 to August 2025 were selected as the observation group, and 80 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. The liver CDFI examination parameter [portal vein main inner diameter (PVD), portal vein mean blood flow velocity (PVVmean), portal vein blood flow (PVQ), splenic vein inner diameter (SVD), splenic vein mean blood flow velocity (SVVmean), splenic vein blood flow (SVQ)] and SWE (Young's modulus value) between the two groups were compared, the occurrence of liver fibrosis in the observation group was recorded, and the liver CDFI examination parameter and SWE results of patients with different degrees of liver fibrosis were compared. The receiver regression curve (ROC) was used to analyze the diagnostic value of liver CDFI and SWE for NAFLD and liver fibrosis respectively.

The PVD, PVQ, SVD, SVQ and Young's modulus values in the observation group were greater than those in the control group, while the PVVmean and SVVmean were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). In the observation group, there were 40 cases of liver fibrosis in stage S0, 26 cases in stage S1, 9 cases in stage S2, 3 cases in stage S3, and 2 cases in stage S4, and the comparisons of PVD, PVVmean, PVQ, SVD, SVVmean, and SVQ among patients with different liver fibrosis grades revealed statistically significant differences (P<0.05). ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of liver CDFI parameters combined with SWE for diagnosing NAFLD was higher than that of single detection, and the AUC of liver CDFI parameters combined with SWE for diagnosing liver fibrosis in NAFLD patients was also higher than that of single detection (P<0.05).

Liver CDFI combined with SWE has a high diagnostic value for both NAFLD and liver fibrosis, and should be closely monitored in clinical practice.

To explore the diagnostic value of two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) combined with the fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score in diagnosing significant liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

This study was a retrospective study. A total of 150 patients with NAFLD from the First Hospital of Yulin City from January 2023 to January 2025 were selected as the research subjects. patients were classified into two groups according to the Metavir staging criteria for liver fibrosis: non-significant liver fibrosis (F0-F1 stage, n=88) and significant liver fibrosis (F2-F4 stage, n=62). All patients underwent 2D-SWE examination, recording Young's modulus and shear wave velocity (SWV), while serum markers were measured and the FIB-4 score was calculated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was employed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of individual and combined application of various indicators for significant fibrosis in NAFLD.

The aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels in the significant liver fibrosis group were significantly higher than those in the non-significant liver fibrosis group, while the platelet count was significantly lower (P<0.05); the Young's modulus, SWV, and FIB-4 scores in the significant liver fibrosis group were significantly higher than those in the non-significant liver fibrosis group (P<0.05); ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for the combined diagnosis of significant liver fibrosis in NAFLD using Young's modulus value, SWV, and FIB-4 score was 0.934, with sensitivity and specificity of 90.70% and 85.94%. The AUC for each single indicator diagnosis was 0.890, 0.858, and 0.823; the Delong test showed that the AUC of the combined diagnosis was significantly higher than that of each single indicator (P<0.05).

The 2D-SWE parameter, including Young's modulus value and SWV combined with FIB-4 score, can effectively improve the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. They can be used as a preferred non-invasive clinical assessment of the degree of liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD.

To explore the value of abdominal ultrasound combined with serum activin A and triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM1) in the diagnosis of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).

This study was a retrospective cohort study. From November 2022 to December 2025, 261 children who visited Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital and were preliminarily suspected of having NEC were included as the research subjects. After clinical diagnosis, 102 children were finally diagnosed with NEC (NEC group), and 159 children were diagnosed as non-NEC (non-NEC group). The clinical data of the patients were recorded and abdominal ultrasound examination was conducted. The levels of serum activin A and TREM1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The value of serum activin A and TREM1 in diagnosing NEC was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Moreover, Kappa consistency test was used to evaluate the consistency of abdominal ultrasound alone and in combination with serum activin A and TREM1 in diagnosing NEC compared with the clinical diagnosis results.

After propensity score matching, there were no statistically significant differences in pregnancy age, preterm birth, and non-breastfeeding between the non-NEC group and the NEC group (P>0.05). Both the non-NEC group and the NEC group consisted of 102 children. The consistency between abdominal ultrasound diagnosis of NEC and clinical diagnosis results was good, with a Kappa value of 0.745 (P<0.05). The levels of serum activin A and TREM1 in the NEC group were obviously higher than those in the non-NEC group (P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) for diagnosing NEC using serum activin A and TREM1 levels was 0.814 and 0.824 respectively, with the cutoff values being 687.60 and 476.88 pg/mL. The combined use of abdominal ultrasound and serum activin A and TREM1 in diagnosing NEC showed a high consistency with the clinical diagnosis results, with a Kappa value of 0.912 (P<0.05). The specificity, accuracy and positive predictive value of the combined diagnosis were obviously higher than those of abdominal ultrasound, serum activin A and TREM1 alone. The sensitivity and negative predictive value were also obviously higher than those of serum activin A and TREM1 alone (P<0.05).

Abdominal ultrasound combined with serum activin A and TREM1 can be a promising diagnostic method for neonatal NEC, and is expected to improve the accuracy of NEC diagnosis.

To explore the clinical application value of gastric filling ultrasonography in evaluating the changes in gastric emptying function in children aged 3-12 years with functional dyspepsia (FD) before and after treatment.

This study was a retrospective observational study. A total of 150 children with FD admitted to Yan'an People's Hospital from July 2023 to July 2025 were selected as the research objects. They were given compound lactasin tablets orally. Children aged 3-6 years old took one tablet each time, and children aged 7-12 years old took two tablets each time, three times a day for 14 days. Gastric emptying 50% time (GET50), gastric emptying rate, antral contraction frequency and gastric wall thickness were measured by gastric filling ultrasound before and after treatment, and the levels of motilin, gastrin and 5-hydroxytryptamine were detected. Meanwhile, the clinical symptom scores (postprandial fullness, early satiety, epigastric pain, abdominal distension) were recorded.

After treatment, the symptom scores of postprandial fullness, early satiety, epigastric pain, and abdominal distension were significantly reduced, the GET50, 2h residual rate, and antral contraction index were significantly decreased, while the gastric emptying rate and gastric contraction frequency were significantly increased, the serum levels of motilin, gastrin, and 5-hydroxytryptamine were significantly increased, and gastric wall thickness was significantly reduced compared with that before treatment (P<0.05).

Gastric filling ultrasound can accurately reflect the changes of gastric emptying function and gastric wall thickness in children with FD before and after treatment, and its results are consistent with the improvement of symptoms and gastric motility indicators.

To explore the clinical value of Alvarado score, ultrasound features, combined with serum CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) levels in the diagnosis and pathological classification of pediatric appendicitis.

A prospective study was conducted. Totally 211 children with abdominal pain admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University and Weinan Central Hospital were selected from January 2020 to December 2024. Complying with the pathological results, they were separated into the abdominal pain group (89 cases) and the appendicitis group (122 cases); the appendicitis group was further separated into the simple acute appendicitis group (68 cases) and the complex acute appendicitis group (54 cases) based on the pathological results. The general information of all the patients was collected. Alvarado scoring and abdominal ultrasound examination was performed, and serum CXCR3 and RANTES were detected by ELISA method. The diagnostic efficiency of each indicator and the combined model was analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. In addition, the relative risk was used to analyze their value in the classification identification process.

The duration of symptoms, the body temperature at admission, the white blood cell count and C-reactive protein levels of the children in the appendicitis group were longer or higher than those in the abdominal pain group (all P<0.001). The Alvarado score, serum CXCR3 and RANTES levels, and the positive rate of ultrasound in the appendicitis group were higher than those in the abdominal pain group (all P<0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) values for diagnosing appendicitis using Alvarado score, ultrasound features, CXCR3, and RANTES were 0.853, 0.838, 0.784, and 0.749, respectively. The combined diagnostic performance of the four methods increased to 0.961 (95% CI: 0.925-0.983), with a sensitivity of 95.90% and a specificity of 84.27%. In the classification of appendicitis, the Alvarado score, CXCR3, RANTES levels, and ultrasound positive rate in the complex acute appendicitis group were obviously higher than those in the simple acute appendicitis group (all P<0.001). The relative risk results showed that patients with high Alvarado score, positive ultrasound results, high CXCR3, and high RANTES had a higher probability of developing complex acute appendicitis.

The combination of Alvarado score, ultrasound features, and serum CXCR3 and RANTES levels can obviously ameliorate the diagnostic accuracy for pediatric appendicitis and has important clinical value in differentiating simple and complex acute appendicitis.

To analyze the efficacy of Buzhong Yiqi decoction combined with auricular point pressing seed therapy in treating post-stroke constipation and its impact on serum levels of neurotransmitters including motilin, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT).

This was a prospective randomized controlled trial. A total of 100 patients with post-stroke constipation who were treated in the Cangzhou People's Hospital from January to December 2024 were randomly enrolled and divided into an observation group and a control group, with 50 cases in each group. The control group received lactulose treatment, while the observation group received Buzhong Yiqi decoction combined with auricular point pressing seed therapy. The following outcomes were compared between the two groups: improvement of constipation symptoms, time to improvement, changes in stool characteristics, clinical efficacy, adverse reactions, and recurrence rate, as well as changes in motilin, VIP, and 5-HT levels before and after treatment.

Before intervention, no statistically significant differences were observed in defecation time, interval between defecations, or defecation difficulty scores between the two groups (P>0.05). After intervention, scores decreased in both groups compared to baseline, but the observation group had significantly lower scores than the control group (P<0.05). Before intervention, no significant difference was found in Bristol stool form scale classification between the two groups (P>0.05). After intervention, statistically significant differences were observed (P<0.05), with the observation group showing lower proportions of type 1 (4.00%) and type 2 (10.00%) stools compared to the control group (14.00% and 40.00%, respectively). The total effective rate in the observation group was 92.00%, higher than the control group's 76.00% (P<0.05). The observation group exhibited shorter durations of defecation time, interval between defecations, and relief time for defecation difficulty compared to the control group (P<0.05). No significant differences in pre-treatment serum motilin, VIP, and 5-HT levels were observed between the two groups (P>0.05), but post-treatment levels differed significantly from baseline (P<0.05). The observation group had higher motilin, VIP and 5-HT levels than the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions was 4.00% in the observation group, lower than the control group's 22.00%, and the recurrence rate was 10.00%, lower than the control group's 38.00% (both P<0.05).

Buzhong Yiqi decoction combined with auricular point pressing seed therapy for post-stroke constipation not only improves symptoms, shortens the duration of symptom relief, enhances efficacy, and reduces adverse reactions but also modulates serum motilin, VIP, and 5-HT levels.

To evaluate the effectiveness of mobile telemedicine interventions for patients with functional constipation (FC) and to examine its impact on constipation symptoms, mental health, quality of life, and patient satisfaction.

This study was a prospective, randomized controlled trial. A total of 150 FC patients from the outpatient department of Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University were selected between February 2022 and February 2024. They were randomly divided into an intervention group, which received personalized remote management through a mobile telemedicine platform, and a control group, which received standard outpatient treatment according to the random number method, each consisting of 75 cases. The study assessed changes in constipation symptom scores, the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36), as well as improvements and patient satisfaction after the intervention.

After the intervention, the intervention group showed significantly lower scores than the control group in areas such as bowel movement frequency, independent defecation, sense of urgency, and defecation time (P<0.05). The intervention group's SAS score was 32.5±9.3, significantly lower than the control group's score of 37.8±10.4 (P<0.05). The scores in physical function, social function, role function, and emotional health were significantly higher in the intervention group than those in the control group (P<0.05). The intervention group experienced shorter time to urge and to complete defecation, and the rate of effective outcomes was significantly higher (P<0.05). Regarding satisfaction, the intervention group rated platform usability, treatment effectiveness, personalized services, and technical support significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05).

Mobile telemedicine interventions demonstrate significant efficacy in remote management for patients with FC. Personalized interventions effectively improve constipation symptoms, mental health, quality of life, and overall patient satisfaction.

To explore the influence of oliceridine combined with propofol on the anesthetic effect and recovery quality of elderly patients undergoing painless gastroscopy.

A total of 108 elderly patients who underwent painless gastroscopy at Xuzhou First People's Hospital from December 2024 to May 2025 were prospectively selected as the research subjects. They were randomly divided into the observation group (oliceridine combined with propofol anesthesia group) and the control group (propofol anesthesia alone group), with 54 cases in each group according to the random number table method. The heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and blood oxygen saturation (SpO₂) of two groups of patients before anesthesia induction (T₁), after anesthesia induction (T₂), during gastroscopy insertion (T₃), when gastroscopy reached the duodenal bulb (T₄), and during gastroscopy removal (T₅) were recorded and compared. The anesthesia effects of two groups of patients, including sedation/anesthesia success rate, incidence of motor reactions, and total dose of propofol were compared. The time of awakening and leaving the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) for two groups, the incidence of postoperative delirium/ agitation were recorded, and the quality of awakening were evaluated. The adverse reactions of both groups of patients during gastroscopy examination and within 24 hours after surgery were recorded.

Compared with T₁, the HR and MAP of T₂, T₃, T₄ and T₅ in both groups decreased (P<0.05); the HR of the observation group at T₃ was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05); the MAP of the observation group at T₅ was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05); the SpO₂ of the observation group at T₂ was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of body movement reaction and the total dosage of propofol in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the success rate of sedation/anesthesia between the two groups (P>0.05). The recovery time, departure time from PACU, and incidence of postoperative delirium/restlessness in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions such as hypoxemia, respiratory depression, nausea and vomiting, and abdominal pain in the observation group was lower than those in the control group (P<0.05).

Oliceridine combined with propofol has a good anesthetic effect and recovery quality in painless gastroscopy for the elderly. While providing effective analgesia, it has a lower risk of respiratory depression and nausea and vomiting.

To investigate the anesthetic effects of remimazolam tosilate versus ciprofol in patients undergoing thoracoscopic esophagectomy and their impact on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV).

A prospective cohort study was conducted, enrolling 124 patients scheduled for thoracoscopic esophagectomy at Hubei Medical College Affiliated Chinese Medicine Dongfeng General Hospital from June 2021 to June 2024. Patients were divided into a control group (anesthetized with ciprofol, n=60) and an observation group (anesthetized with remimazolam tosilate, n=64) based on the intraoperative anesthetic regimen. To balance baseline covariates between groups, 1∶1 propensity score matching was performed, resulting in 50 patients in each group. The two groups were compared regarding surgical outcomes, hemodynamic changes, stress response indicators, and PONV occurrence.

The observation group showed significantly shorter post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) stay time and anesthesia recovery time, as well as lower intraoperative sufentanil consumption, intraoperative remifentanil consumption, and postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia usage compared with the control group (P<0.05). At skin incision, tumor resection, and after suture, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and oxygen saturation were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). At 6 hours postoperatively, the levels of epinephrine, dopamine, and norepinephrine were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). Within 48 hours after surgery, the incidence of PONV, visual analog scale scores, and verbal descriptive scale scores were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05).

Compared with ciprofol, remimazolam tosilate for anesthesia in thoracoscopic esophagectomy can better shorten PACU stay and anesthesia recovery time, reduce intraoperative opioid consumption, maintain hemodynamic stability, attenuate stress responses, and decrease the risk of PONV.

Cirrhosis decompensated stage is the end stage of all kinds of liver diseases, portal hypertension is its main clinical manifestation, statins have been proved to reduce portal pressure, improve hepatic hemodynamics, and have the effect of improving intrahepatic fat accumulation, lowering cholesterol, etc, so as to improve the clinical prognosis of patients. This article summarizes the application of statins in the primary and secondary prevention of esophagogastric variceal bleeding in cirrhosis and the normative recommendations for portal hypertension in recent years, providing reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment practice.