To analyze the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and gene polymorphisms of CYP2C19 and leukocyte differentiation antigen 14 (CD14) in patients with early gastric cancer and analyze its influence on short-term recurrence after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).

A total of 201 patients with early gastric cancer who underwent ESD in the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University were selected retrospectively between July 2018 and July 2023, and were divided into Hp infection group (n=93) and non-Hp infection group (n=108) according to Hp infection status. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to detect the gene polymorphisms of CYP2C19 and CD14. The relationship between Hp infection and short-term recurrence of patients with early gastric cancer after ESD was analyzed, and multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors affecting the short-term recurrence after ESD.

The composition ratio of PM in Hp infection group was significantly higher than that in non-Hp infection group (P<0.05). The frequencies of TT genotype and T allele were significantly higher in Hp infection group than those in non-Hp infection group (P<0.05). The short-term recurrence rate after ESD in Hp infection group was significantly higher compared with that in non-Hp infection group (P<0.05). In patients with early gastric cancer, Hp infection (HR=2.783, 95% CI: 1.214-6.430) and gene polymorphisms of CD14 (HR=2.894, 95% CI: 1.101-7.614) were risk factors affecting the short-term recurrence after ESD (P<0.05).

The gene polymorphisms of CYP2C19 and CD14 in patients with early gastric cancer are related to Hp infection. The PM of CYP2C19 gene and TT genotype and T allele of CD14 gene may increase the risk of Hp infection, and Hp infection, gene polymorphisms of CD14 are risk factors that affect the short-term recurrence of patients with early gastric cancer after ESD.